Chapter 4 · Book pages 13–15
📗 Answer key: Singular-Plural and One Word Substitution
Finish the questions in your book first. Then check each one here: tap Show answer, then mark ✓ if you got it right or ✗ if not. For every ✗, read the "why" and say it out loud.
A. Choose the correct plural form of the given word
1
Axe
✓ A. Axes
Axe ends in e, so just add s. Axis is a different word.
2
Quail
✓ C. Quails
Just add s. (Hunters sometimes say quail for many too, but Quails is the only correct option here.)
3
Rally
✓ C. Rallies
Consonant (l) + y → ies.
4
Leaf
✓ D. Leaves
f → v + es.
5
Goose
✓ B. Geese
A rebel plural: oo → ee.
6
Alumnus
✓ A. Alumni
Latin -us → -i. Alumni = former students of a school or college.
7
Fungus
✓ B. Fungi
Latin -us → -i.
8
Bacterium
✓ D. Bacteria
Latin -um → -a.
9
Brother-in-law
✓ A. Brothers-in-law
The person (brother) becomes plural, not the law.
10
Appliance
✓ B. Appliances
Ends in e, so just add s.
B. Choose the correct plural form to fill in the blank
11
The dentist advised me to brush my ____ daily.
✓ B. teeth
tooth → teeth. Tooths and teethers are wrong.
12
Many people have different ____ in different parts of the world.
✓ C. lives
life → lives (f → v + es).
13
The box of ____ is on the table.
✓ B. matchsticks
A box holds many matchsticks: just add s.
14
There are many different ____ of animals in the rainforest.
✓ A. species
Species is the same for one or many.
15
____ have made significant contributions to science, art, and politics.
✓ D. Women
woman → women. Womans and womens are not words.
C. Choose the correct one-word substitution
16
Someone who believes in God is called a/an ____.
✓ B. theist
Theist believes in God. An atheist does not; an agnostic is not sure.
17
The study of rocks and soil is called ____.
✓ D. geology
geo = earth. Biology = living things; ecology = living things and surroundings.
18
Someone who treats heart problems is called a/an ____.
✓ C. cardiologist
cardio = heart. Neurologist = brain/nerves; dermatologist = skin; orthopaedist = bones.
19
Someone who acts in movies and serials is called a/an ____.
✓ A. actor
An actor acts. A director guides the actors; a playwright writes plays.
20
Someone who cures your toothache is called a ____.
✓ C. dentist
A dentist treats teeth.
21
Someone who sells medicines is called a ____.
✓ A. pharmacist
A pharmacist sells medicines. A physicist studies physics.
22
One who eats all kinds of food is called a/an ____.
✓ C. omnivorous
omni = all. (Strictly, the noun is omnivore and omnivorous is the describing word, but C is what the book wants.)
23
A machine that functions by itself is called a/an ____ machine.
✓ D. automatic
auto = self. A manual machine needs a person to work it.
24
A place where fruit trees are grown is called a/an ____.
✓ C. orchard
An orchard is a garden of fruit trees.
25
Someone who does not eat chicken or fish is called a/an ____.
✓ D. vegetarian
A vegetarian eats no meat or fish. A pescatarian DOES eat fish; a flexitarian eats a little meat.
26
Someone who always looks on to the positive side is called a/an ____.
✓ C. optimist
An optimist expects good things.
27
Someone who is late or causes delay is called a/an ____.
✓ A. tardy
Tardy means late. Punctual, timely and early all mean on time or before.
28
Someone who always expects bad things to happen is called a/an ____.
✓ B. pessimist
A pessimist expects the worst. A realist sees things as they are; a cynic doubts people's goodness.
29
A place where a dog lives is called a ____.
✓ C. kennel
Dog → kennel. Stable = horse; lair = wild animal; nest = bird.
30
A place where wild animals like bears, wolves, etc. live is called a ____.
✓ A. lair
A lair (or den) is a wild animal's hiding home. Shed, hut and pen are for people or farm animals.
Achievers Section (HOTS)
31
The two countries agreed to respect their ____.
✓ A. boundaries
boundary: consonant (r) + y → ies.
32
Scissors (correct plural form)
✓ C. Scissors
Always plural, spelt s-c-i-s-s-o-r-s (double s in the middle).
33
Deer (correct plural form)
✓ A. Deer
Same-form word: one deer, many deer.
34
One who is determined to achieve something is called ____.
✓ B. tenacious
Tenacious = never gives up. Passive, hesitant and fearful are the opposite.
35
Someone who is reserved and shy is called a/an ____.
✓ B. introvert
An introvert is quiet and shy. Extrovert, bold and outgoing are the opposite.